Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine
Within the past decade, researchers have found that some types of a common virus, Human Papillomavirus (HPV), cause cervical cancer. The virus is found in and around the genitals. It is most often passed between two people through sexual activity, but this can also happen through other close skin to skin contact. About 3 out of every 4 people – males and females – who have had sex have been exposed to HPV. While most women with HPV do not develop cervical cancer, some persistent infections lead to cancer.
Cervical cancer is preventable. Yet year after year, about 500 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and about 150 women die from this disease in Ontario. Some 5,600 women in Ontario are living today with a diagnosis of cervical cancer (prevalence).
The HPV vaccine is almost 100% effective in preventing infection with four HPV types, which are responsible for 70% of cervical cancer cases and 90% of genital warts.
Ontario HPV Vaccination Program
Since September 2007, the HPV vaccine has been offered to grade 8 females as part of the voluntary school-based immunization program. The school-based HPV vaccination program is a ground-breaking step in women’s health. For the first time we have a vaccine that can block HPV infections before they occur.
The HPV vaccine does not replace Pap tests. The HPV vaccine program is just one part of cancer prevention. Even if vaccinated, women still need regular Pap tests because the vaccine does not protect against all cancer-causing HPV types.
Also, most women have already been exposed to HPV and need to be screened. About 3 out of every 4 people – males and females – who have had sex have been exposed to HPV.
|